氧自由基(FORs)是生物體生命活動(dòng)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì),在動(dòng)物體中引起許多重要的生物化學(xué)及生理學(xué)現(xiàn)象。FORs作用于離子通道及受體復(fù)合物引發(fā)信號(hào)級(jí)聯(lián)反應(yīng)對(duì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)代謝活動(dòng)進(jìn)行調(diào)控。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),伴隨著植物生長(zhǎng)、激素活動(dòng)及脅迫應(yīng)激等不同生命過(guò)程,F(xiàn)ORs形成并逐漸累積,同時(shí)累積的還有胞內(nèi)鈣離子。因此,研究人員推測(cè),在植物中同樣存在FORs調(diào)控離子通道從而調(diào)節(jié)相關(guān)生命活動(dòng)的機(jī)制。 上圖:采用非損傷微測(cè)技術(shù)測(cè)定了羥自由基對(duì)不同植物根部表皮細(xì)胞離子流速的影響 為了驗(yàn)證以上推測(cè),英國(guó)的研究人員Vadim Demidchik等以擬南芥根部細(xì)胞原生質(zhì)體為材料,利用發(fā)光法、電生理研究方法以及非損傷微測(cè)技術(shù)(MIFE)分別測(cè)定了羥自由基(OH·)等不同誘導(dǎo)處理下,擬南芥根部細(xì)胞胞外鉀離子濃度([K+]out)、胞內(nèi)鈣離子濃度([Ca2+]in)、整體細(xì)胞電流以及K+、Ca2+流速等信息。 研究表明,氧自由基(FORs)激活擬南芥根部細(xì)胞質(zhì)膜Ca2+、K+通道,分別介導(dǎo)Ca2+內(nèi)流及K+外流。而且在接受環(huán)境刺激信號(hào)及處于伸長(zhǎng)生長(zhǎng)期的細(xì)胞中,F(xiàn)ORs的通道激活作用更顯著。此外,對(duì)根部氧自由基的淬滅,根部的伸長(zhǎng)生長(zhǎng)受到抑制,證實(shí)自由基引起的Ca2+內(nèi)流在細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)中的作用。在單子葉、C3、C4等其他植物中均得到類(lèi)似的結(jié)果,說(shuō)明氧自由基的調(diào)控機(jī)制及功能比較保守。該研究成果闡明了FORs在細(xì)胞內(nèi)具有精確的作用位點(diǎn)及具體的機(jī)制,為信號(hào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)控機(jī)制的研究提供了一個(gè)范例。 | |
關(guān)鍵詞:鈣(Calcium)、通道(Channel)、氧自由基(Free oxygen radical)、鉀(Potassium)
參考文獻(xiàn):Demidchik et al. J. Cell Sci. 2003: 116: 81-88.
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ABSTRACT:
Free oxygen radicals are an irrefutable component of life, underlying important biochemical and physiological phenomena in animals. Here it is shown that free oxygen radicals activate plasma membrane Ca2+- and K+-permeable conductances in Arabidopsis root cell protoplasts, mediating Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux, respectively. Free oxygen radicals generate increases in cytosolic Ca2+ mediated by a novel population of nonselective cation channels that differ in selectivity and pharmacology from those involved in toxic Na+ influx. Analysis of the free oxygen radical-activated K+ conductance showed its similarity to the Arabidopsis root K+ outward rectifier. Significantly larger channel activation was found in cells responsible for perceiving environmental signals and undergoing elongation. Quenching root free oxygen radicals inhibited root elongation, confirming the role of radical-activated Ca2+ influx in cell growth. Net free oxygen radical-stimulated Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux were observed in root cells of monocots, dicots, C3 and C4 plants, suggesting conserved mechanisms and functions. In conclusion, two functions for free oxygen radical cation channel activation are proposed: initialization/amplification of stress signals and control of cell elongation in root growth.