植物表型成像系統(tǒng)在完成十字花科表型研究的論文的應(yīng)用

最近，來自比利時根特大學(xué)的專家利用WIWAM XY植物表型系統(tǒng)發(fā)表了題為Drought resistance is mediated by divergent strategies in closely related Brassicaceae的文章，發(fā)表在植物學(xué)先進(jìn)期刊New Phytologist上。

作為一家將大規(guī)模自動化理念和工業(yè)級零件和設(shè)備整合入植物成像系統(tǒng)的廠家，SMO公司在植物表型成像分析領(lǐng)域處于技術(shù)前列，大面積葉綠素?zé)晒獬上裣到y(tǒng)使WIWAM成為植物表型分析與功能成像領(lǐng)域較為先進(jìn)的儀器設(shè)備，植物生長、脅迫響應(yīng)等測量參數(shù)達(dá)幾百個。工業(yè)級部件品質(zhì)使系統(tǒng)非常耐用，基本免維護(hù)，與同類產(chǎn)品相比，特點(diǎn)突出。目前WIWAM植物表型平臺分為WIWAM XY，WIWAM Line以及WIWAM Conveyor 3個系列。野外移動版稱為WIWAM Screening。

WIWAM XY是一款高通量可重復(fù)性表型機(jī)器人， 用于對小型植物, 如擬南芥植物的研究。該機(jī)器人可定期對多種植物參數(shù)進(jìn)行自動化灌溉和并測量多種植物生長參數(shù)。WIWAM XY代替了很多手工處理，省時省錢，精度較高。

WIWAM XY由花盆定位桌面, 不同個體線路, 上方機(jī)器臂以及1或多個成像或稱重/澆水站組成。全套系統(tǒng)可以安裝在現(xiàn)有生長室，內(nèi)置高品質(zhì)工業(yè)部件，可按用戶要求進(jìn)行定制。

植物在各自花盆內(nèi)生長, 預(yù)設(shè)時間間隔，機(jī)器臂提取植物, 將其帶到成像和稱重澆水工作站。機(jī)器臂按照程序設(shè)定移動到花盆上方，并將其提升脫離桌面。設(shè)備可配RFID讀取裝置以及花盆可貼上FID 標(biāo)簽，可作為額外花盆識別法 ，識別和校正桌面上因手工花盆安置造成的錯誤。通常旁邊取景照相機(jī)從不同角度獲得圖像。成像站可安裝一系列照相機(jī)系統(tǒng)。組合稱重/澆水站集成在機(jī)器臂上�；ㄅ柚兄参镌跐菜畷r旋轉(zhuǎn)以獲得較佳水分布 。灌溉精度較高可達(dá) +/- 0.1 mL。另外，灌溉可基于自動目標(biāo)重量計算或固定量。在整個實驗過程中，可精確控制土壤濕度水準(zhǔn) 。集成光，溫度和濕度傳感器可監(jiān)控溫度，詳細(xì)記錄實驗生長條件。

植物表型機(jī)器人WIWAM XY產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)

1、澆水時花盆旋轉(zhuǎn)以獲得較佳水分布

2、高精度灌溉(達(dá)0.1mL !).

3、WIWAM XY 可配置環(huán)境傳感器

4、WIWAM XY 配有直觀用戶界面

5、開放式數(shù)據(jù)庫結(jié)構(gòu)

6、可提供全定制系統(tǒng)、花盆數(shù)量可擴(kuò)展

7、高環(huán)境適應(yīng)性、耐受苛刻的調(diào)節(jié)后環(huán)境

圖像分析和數(shù)據(jù)可視化

WIWAM XY有VIB開發(fā)的圖像分析和數(shù)據(jù)可視化軟件支持此軟件包，稱為 PIPPA，是網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面和數(shù)據(jù)庫，一方面用來為不同類型的WIWAM植物表型平臺提供管理的工具，另一方面用于分析圖像和數(shù)據(jù) 。

PIPPA 與該平臺通訊，通過將PIPPA網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面生成的實驗結(jié)果傳到平臺。每個花盆的處理和基因型信息已在數(shù)據(jù)庫限定以確保在整個實驗中的數(shù)據(jù)一體性。實驗期間，，PIPPA 對來自平臺的稱重，灌溉測量，環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)，錯誤記錄以及圖像信息進(jìn)行處理分析。PIPPA支持這些圖像后續(xù)處理 (旋轉(zhuǎn)/收獲/等) 。圖像分析文本可以在PIPPA 界面初始化, 可設(shè)置于網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器運(yùn)行 (獨(dú)立版本) 或計算機(jī)群運(yùn)行，以快速生成結(jié)果。 隨后，通過檢查數(shù)據(jù)是否在特定閾值之內(nèi)可在網(wǎng)絡(luò)幾面對輸出文本進(jìn)行驗證，例如，是否生長相關(guān)性狀，如植物枝條面積一段時間內(nèi)是否增加。

平臺收集的環(huán)境和稱重/澆水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)以及圖像處理數(shù)據(jù)在PIPPA 顯示，圖表生成組件生成圖表，支持幾種類型圖表，可聚焦以及輸出文檔。數(shù)據(jù)也可從文件導(dǎo)入PIPPA 或從PIPPA 數(shù)據(jù)庫導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到文檔，將應(yīng)用范圍擴(kuò)大。另外，因可直接獲得所有圖像數(shù)據(jù), 你也可通過分析文本輕松處理圖像。

IT 解決方案和儲存

WIWAM 軟件在高端工業(yè)計算機(jī)上運(yùn)行，觸摸屏 。該軟件配有用戶友好圖形界面， 用于控制機(jī)器人站行為以及以較高靈活度設(shè)計設(shè)計實驗 。可同時運(yùn)行多組實驗，可運(yùn)行不同隨機(jī)模式 ，可及時規(guī)劃單個植株或一組植株的處理。 在預(yù)設(shè)啟動時間，PC機(jī)將向工業(yè)PLC 發(fā)送指令， 照管機(jī)器人移動 。所有成像，稱重/澆水以及環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)均可存于SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫，記錄后可用于分析記錄 。系統(tǒng)采用了開放式數(shù)據(jù)庫結(jié)構(gòu)，可以直接獲取圖像。該平臺可以與高性能計算相連，用于分析儲存數(shù)據(jù)或者可與本地服務(wù)器設(shè)施整合。

SMS 郵件服務(wù)可以通知用戶機(jī)器報警和錯誤，可盡快進(jìn)行用戶干涉。系統(tǒng)可于任一點(diǎn)暫停和停下，UPS (不間斷電源)可防止數(shù)據(jù)丟失和確保在停電后全系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)。該軟件也有平臺管理員系統(tǒng)設(shè)置和維護(hù)行為通道。

Drought resistance is mediated by divergent strategies in closely related Brassicaceae

Summary

Droughts cause severe crop losses worldwide and climate change is projected to increase their prevalence in the future. Similar to the situation for many crops, the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Ath) is considered drought-sensitive, whereas, as we demonstrate, its close relatives Arabidopsis lyrata (Aly) and Eutrema salsugineum (Esa) are drought-resistant.

To understand the molecular basis for this plasticity we conducted a deep phenotypic, biochemical and transcriptomic comparison using developmentally matched plants.

We demonstrate that Aly responds most sensitively to decreasing water availability with early growth reduction, metabolic adaptations and signaling network rewiring. By contrast,Esa is in a constantly prepared mode as evidenced by high basal proline levels, ABA signaling transcripts and late growth responses. The stress-sensitive Ath responds later than Aly and earlier than Esa, although its responses tend to be more extreme. All species detect water scarcity with similar sensitivity; response differences are encoded in downstream signaling and esponse networks. Moreover, several signaling genes expressed at higher basal levels in both

Aly and Esa have been shown to increase water-use efficiency and drought resistance when overexpressed in Ath.

Our data demonstrate contrasting strategies of closely related Brassicaceae to achieve drought resistance

Plant growth conditions and drought treatment

The plant phenotyping platform (WIWAM xy) at VIB Ghent (www.wiwam.com) was used for high-throughput phenotypic characterization. Pots were prepared as described (Skirycz et al.,2011b). Briefly, all pots (128 per species) were radio frequencyidentification (RFID)-tagged and the dry soil weight of individual pots was calculated. Three to four plants were sown after 4 d of stratification at 4°C in the dark. Pots were placed on WIWAM xy and covered with plastic film for 3 d to maintain humidity. On day 4 the cover was removed and the well-wateredcondition (WW) of 2.19 g water g1 soil was maintained robotically. When two complete open cotyledons were observed in allpots, one average-sized seedling per pot was kept. Daily, images of the plants were taken, each pot was weighted, positions were randomized and water was added to precisely maintain WW conditions.

Water deficit (WD) treatment started when leaf 6 (L6) was initiated on the apex (1 mm, developmental stage 1.06) as judged by manual inspection (Boyes et al., 2001). Watering for the WD group (78 pots per species) was stopped at 14 (Ath), 20 (Esa) and 22 (Aly) d after sowing (DAS). After 15 d without watering, plants

were rewatered and survival was scored 3 d later. Two independent replicates were performed in trays. Plants were grown under constant environmental conditions: 16 h day, 21°C, 55% relative humidity and 110–120 lmol m2 s 1 light intensity.