利用Dualex傳感器監(jiān)測兩個蘋果品種對供水條件的生理生化反應(yīng)

熱點
Chl熒光技術(shù)評估植物生理反應(yīng)的適用性。
葉綠素濃度不是一個合適的水分脅迫指標(biāo)。
品種‘Pinova 10’對葉綠素?zé)晒獗憩F(xiàn)出較高的水虧缺敏感性。
葉片水勢特別受提前澆水制度的影響。

摘要
在世界范圍內(nèi)，水資源短缺導(dǎo)致的干旱脅迫加劇了保持農(nóng)業(yè)和園藝作物的高產(chǎn)的危險性。眾所周知，不同的作物不僅需要不同的水分，而且不同的品種也需要不同的水分。最常見的是，植物對干旱脅迫的反應(yīng)是在生理水平上監(jiān)測的，例如通過植物水分狀況（葉水勢、相對含水量）或氣孔行為、光合作用和滲透調(diào)節(jié)。然而，對這些參數(shù)的分析既耗時又具有破壞性。相比之下，熒光傳感器等新方法似乎很有前途，因為它們易于在現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行，無破壞性且分析迅速。因此，本研究的目的是調(diào)查兩個蘋果品種“Pinova 10”和“Gala Galaxy”對水分脅迫是否表現(xiàn)出不同的生理反應(yīng)，例如葉片水勢、相對含水量以及葉綠素和脯氨酸濃度。此外，葉綠素?zé)晒鈪��?shù)被認(rèn)為是一種很有前途的應(yīng)激癥狀檢測技術(shù)。“Gala Galaxy”比“Pinova 10”表現(xiàn)出更高的耐水性，尤其是在整個實驗過程中的某些測量日，葉綠素?zé)晒庵笖?shù)增加。與葉綠素含量（Chl_指數(shù)和SFR_R）和氮平衡（NBI和NBI_R）相關(guān)的熒光指數(shù)顯示出相似的曲線。然而，用濕化學(xué)方法進(jìn)行的葉片葉綠素分析并不是蘋果樹水分脅迫的可靠指標(biāo)。在完全停水期間，DAT 38的葉水勢受到影響，品種間沒有顯著差異。綜上所述，與葉綠素含量和氮平衡相關(guān)的熒光指數(shù)有望成為一種有用的非破壞性工具，用于評估受水分限制的幼樹的生理狀態(tài)。

Monitoring physiological and biochemical responses of two apple cultivars to water supply regimes with non-destructive fluorescence sensors
Highlights
Suitability of Chl-fluorescence technique to assess plant physiological responses.
Chlorophyll concentration was not an appropriate water stress indicator.
Cultivar ‘Pinova 10’ showed higher sensibility to water deficit on Chl-fluorescence.
Leaf water potential is specially affected advanced watering withholding regime.

Abstract
Worldwide, increased drought stress induced by water shortages will be especially hazardous for maintaining high yields in agricultural and horticultural crops. It is known that not only do different crops have different water requirements, but that these can also vary between cultivars. Most commonly, plant responses to drought stress are monitored on the physiological level, for example via plant water status (leaf water potential, relative water content) or stomatal behavior, photosynthesis and osmotic adjustment. However, analyses of these parameters are time-consuming and destructive. In contrast, novel approaches such as fluorescence sensors seem promising as they are easy to embark in the field, non-destructive and quick to analyze. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether two apple (Malus domestica) cultivars, ‘Pinova 10’ and ‘Gala Galaxy’, show different physiological reactions, for example in leaf water potential, relative water content as well as chlorophyll and proline concentration, in response to water stress. In addition, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were analyzed as a promising stress symptom detection technique. ‘Gala Galaxy’ showed higher tolerance to water deprivation conditions than ‘Pinova 10’, indicated especially by increased chlorophyll fluorescence indices on certain measurement days throughout the experimental course. Fluorescence indices related to chlorophyll content (Chl_Index and SFR_R) and nitrogen balance (NBI and NBI_R) showed similar curves. However, leaf chlorophyll analysis performed wet-chemically was not a reliable indicator of water stress in apple trees. Leaf water potential was affected on DAT 38, during complete watering withholding, without significant differences between the cultivars. In summary, fluorescence-based indices, related to chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance, promise to be a useful non-destructive tool to estimate physiological status of young apple trees submitted to water restriction regimes.

Dualex是一款源自于法國國家科學(xué)院 (CNRS)及巴黎第十一大學(xué)技術(shù)，由奧地利PESSL公司生產(chǎn)（原法國Force-A公司）開發(fā)的新型多功能葉片測量儀。它可同時準(zhǔn)確測量葉片的葉綠素含量、葉片表層的類黃酮和花青素含量，適用于植物生理學(xué)和農(nóng)學(xué)（如水稻葉綠素濃度，玉米氮素狀況，葡萄藤等）相關(guān)研究。其測量對象可以是單子葉植物，雙子葉植物或多年生植物。這款設(shè)備簡單易用，可進(jìn)a行實時和非破壞性測量。由于不需要校準(zhǔn)標(biāo)定和事先的樣品制備，測量工作可在實驗室或現(xiàn)場完成。此外，該設(shè)備在各種溫度的和環(huán)境光照條件下均可正常使用。系統(tǒng)采用專利設(shè)計，光學(xué)傳感器可進(jìn)行簡單、快速、無損測量葉片中的葉綠素、多酚以及花青素。

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